Dermatitis, dry skin and how to live with it

November 28, 2023

Dermatitas, sausa oda ir kaip su tuo gyventi

Dermatitis is a general term for skin inflammation covering several different conditions that cause swelling, redness, itching and sometimes rashes.

Types of dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is the most common chronic skin condition, characterised by intense itching, dry, flaky skin and recurring inflammatory rashes. It usually begins in childhood and may be linked to genetic factors and other allergic conditions such as asthma or allergic rhinitis. Treatment includes moisturising the skin, reducing inflammation with topical corticosteroids or other anti-inflammatory ointments, and avoiding factors that can trigger or worsen symptoms.

Contact dermatitis is caused by direct skin contact with irritating or allergenic substances. It has two main forms: allergic contact dermatitis, an immune reaction to an allergen, and irritant contact dermatitis, caused by direct irritation of the skin. Treatment includes avoiding irritants or allergens and symptomatic treatments such as moisturising and topical corticosteroids.

Seborrhoeic dermatitis appears as greasy, flaky rashes, usually on the scalp, face and chest. Its cause is unclear, but oily skin secretions and microorganisms such as yeasts are thought to play a role. Treatment includes gentle cleansers, antifungal products and topical corticosteroids to help control inflammation and flaking.

Besides these main types, there are other, less common forms of dermatitis, such as nummular (discoid) dermatitis, which causes round, itchy patches on the skin, and stasis dermatitis, which results from poor blood circulation, usually in the legs. Treatment for each type depends on the specific symptoms, severity and personal medical history, so individual medical advice is essential.

Symptoms

Symptoms of dermatitis can range from mild to severe and often depend on the type. Common symptoms include:

Itching
Dry, cracked skin
Rash
Blisters
Peeling and flaking skin
Thickened skin
Redness and swelling
Hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation

Symptoms can change over time and depend on factors such as environmental conditions, stress or contact with irritants. It is important to see a doctor or dermatologist for an accurate diagnosis and proper management of symptoms.

What causes dermatitis?

The causes of dermatitis vary and may differ depending on the type. They include genetic, environmental and immunological factors.

Genetics: Especially important in atopic dermatitis, where heredity plays a significant role. People whose close relatives have atopic dermatitis, asthma or allergies are more likely to develop the condition themselves.
Environmental factors: Contact dermatitis results from direct skin contact with irritating or allergenic substances. These can include chemicals, household cleaning products, cosmetics, metals (e.g. nickel), certain plants and even some foods.
Immune system dysfunction: In atopic dermatitis, an overactive immune system often reacts inappropriately to harmless environmental elements, causing an inflammatory skin reaction.
Infections: Bacterial, viral or fungal infections can trigger or worsen dermatitis symptoms.
Damaged skin barrier: A damaged or weak skin barrier lets allergens and irritants penetrate more easily, causing an inflammatory reaction.
Hormonal changes: Some types of dermatitis, such as seborrhoeic dermatitis, may be linked to fluctuating hormone levels.
Psychological factors: Stress and emotional tension can also contribute to flare-ups.
Climate and environment: Dry air, cold weather and environmental irritants such as dust or smoke can trigger or worsen symptoms.

Because the causes of dermatitis can be varied and complex, an individual approach is important to find the most effective treatment. Preventive measures and treatments may include a skin care routine, avoiding known irritants and allergens, and using systemic or topical medicines to reduce inflammation.

What complications can dermatitis cause?

Whatever its type, dermatitis can lead to several complications, especially if it is not treated properly. These can have long-term effects on health and quality of life.

Itching and scratching can cause breaks in the skin that become an ideal breeding ground for bacterial, viral or fungal infections. This can worsen the condition and cause additional symptoms such as pus, pain, swelling or even fever.

Long-term itching and scratching can lead to thickened skin and scarring, especially in frequently affected areas. This can affect appearance and reduce self-confidence.

Dermatitis can cause hyperpigmentation or hypopigmentation, particularly in people with darker skin, where it can change skin colour in affected areas, causing darkening (hyperpigmentation) or lightening (hypopigmentation).

Severe or long-term dermatitis can have a negative impact on emotional and mental health, including stress, low self-esteem and even depression, especially if the condition is visible and interferes with everyday life.

Some patients, particularly those with long-term and severe dermatitis, may develop joint and muscle pain, especially if large areas of the body are affected.

Research suggests that the long-term inflammation associated with some forms of dermatitis may increase the risk of other chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease or autoimmune disorders.

Because of these possible complications, it is important to consult healthcare professionals regularly and follow the treatment plan to reduce the impact of dermatitis and prevent complications.

Living with dermatitis

Living with dermatitis can be challenging, but when it is well managed it does not have to disrupt daily life. Managing dermatitis is a long-term process that requires a consistent, individual treatment plan.

Skin care. The foundation of living with dermatitis is regular moisturising with hypoallergenic products free of fragrance and other irritants. It is also recommended to avoid hot showers and use gentle cleansers.
Avoiding irritants. It is important to identify and avoid irritants such as certain fabrics (e.g. wool), chemicals, household cleaners, certain foods or even weather conditions that can trigger or worsen symptoms.
Diet and a healthy lifestyle. Although the direct link between diet and dermatitis is not fully clear, a healthy, balanced diet and adequate fluid intake can help keep the skin in good condition. It is also important to avoid smoking and alcohol, as they can promote inflammation.
Stress management. Stress is a known trigger of flare-ups, so it is important to find effective ways to reduce it, such as exercise, meditation, yoga or hobbies.
Safe sun exposure. Although sunlight can improve some cases of dermatitis, avoid excessive sun exposure and use sunscreen to prevent sunburn.
Medical care. Regular consultations with a dermatologist or other healthcare professionals help monitor changes, apply the right treatment and adjust the treatment plan when needed.
Education and support. Understanding the condition and how to manage it is vital. It can also help to connect with other people who have dermatitis, join support groups or look for information from reliable sources.

Remember that everyone's experience with dermatitis is different, and what works for one person may not work for another. That is why it is important to find a personal care strategy that suits your specific needs and lifestyle.

Our recommendation. For daily care of very dry, flaky and itchy skin, choose Eubos Urea 10% body lotion. It can be used as a complementary body care product alongside treatment prescribed by your doctor.